You could try something like YunoHost to get started! It’s kind of a one-click deployment platform for self-hosting, ready to use with user management, reverse proxy with SSL, somewhat preconfigured services to choose from, etc.

Ideally you can also learn the tools needed like Docker, Ansible, etc, but with yunohost and a SBC (e.g. RaspberryPi), or a €5/month VPS (easier if you want to access your services publicly), you will have a ready-to-use boilerplate that you can start building on.

Learning all the individual technologies at the same time might be overwhelming at the beginning, but something like yunohost will allow you over time to learn all the stuff around the deployment itself, e.g. how domains and DNS records work, how the SSL certificates are generated, which services you would like to set up and use, the configuration needed for these services individually, etc. And at the same time you can start using a few useful services!

Then, as you start learning, you could start setting up services one-by-one manually with e.g. Docker, either at the same server or a new one.

Don’t forget to look for the admin documentation for each software you’re setting up (e.g. Nextcloud etc). And look at awesome-selfhosted, it’s a list of more resources and software to use and deploy!

Good luck and have fun!

(Edit: There are some yunohost alternatives you might want to look into, but most of what I found either had a very small selection of software, or had a subscription service etc that they want to sell you, while limiting what you can do on your own server)

Do you mean https://vscodium.com/ ?

There is also zellij, which can do the same but also has modern functionality specific for development workspaces!

(Although screen or tmux will still probably be more widely available on remote machines etc)